The spotted stem borer, chilo partellus, and the maize stem borer, busseola fusca, which both feed inside the growing maize plants in lowland and highland regions of east africa, respectively, cause severe damage to crops. Gravid females laid a significantly higher percentage of eggs on substrates smeared with extract of basilocal leaves hebl 69% than on those smeared with. Pyralidae developmental biology under field and laboratory conditions. Comparison of sensory structures present on larval. Behaviour and biology of chilo partellus lepidoptera. Plant biology focuses readers on the function of plants and the role they play in our world.
The infected plants have stunted stems, impaired photosynthetic capacity, and broken tassels and stems 3, leading to low fodder and grain production. Similar techniques may be used for screening against other chilo spp, or modified as per the. Eggs of maliarpha separatella are usually protected in leaf folds around each egg mass. Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer in sorghum. The book presents the most noteworthy discoveries in biology, including those that affect our daily lives, and easy experiments are provided. Distribution of bacillus thuringiensis in punjab soil and their toxicity against chilo partellus v. Autecology deals with the ecological study of one species of organism. Biodegradation of mixedorganic wastes by microbial consortia in continuousrecycle expandedbed bioreactors. For nonmajors and mixedmajors introductory botany plant biology courses. Cotes 1889 as the sorghum borer and it was exceedingly abundant in the central provinces indian museum notes, 1900. Introduction the maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe is a serious pest of maize zea mays l. It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte c.
Deuteromycete definition of deuteromycete by the free. The objective of this paper is to describe and discuss the management options of the main prevalent stem borer of cereal crops in africa. May 04, 2014 chilo partellus larvae were reared at 281c with a relative humidity of 6070% as per the protocols of sharma et al. Pyralidae in selected maize genotypes crop protection 1997 16.
The cereals attacked are grown by smallholders to feed. I serve as coeditor for radcliffes world ipm textbook. Distribution and sampling of chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera. Francis, in progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2011. Canadian journal of plant science canadian science publishing. Culicidae males in view of their optimal transport to the pilot sterile release site in mauritius. Initial damage symptoms are leaf injury followed by the formation of dead hearts, stem. Genetic variability and selection criteria for resistance to spotted stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sugarcane is one of the most valuable crops in the world. Determination of genetic diversity in chilo partellus. Investigating the effects of low temperature and compaction on the quality of adult radiosterilised aedes albopictus diptera. Crambidae following acclimation beginning at larval, pupal and. Science and technology, general borers insects health aspects prevention corn diseases and pests disease resistance plants observations plant immunology.
Stem borers of cereal crops in africa and their management. International journal of tropical insect science, volume. With evolved content and a new organization, the authors emphasize the scientific method to help readers develop the critical thinking skills they need to make. International journal of tropical insect science, volume 40. Genetic and molecular basis for residual hybrid vigour in tomato. International journal of plant research publishes the best original research papers in all key areas of modern plant biology from the worlds leading laboratories, international journal of plant research provides a dynamic forum for this ever growing international research community. Gemechu keneni, endashaw bekele, fassil assefa, muhammad imtiaz, tolessa debele, kifle dagne and emana getu. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Apr 12, 2015 behaviour and biology of chilo partellus on maize landraces. Headspace samples were collected from plants exposed to egg deposition by chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera.
The spotted stemborer chilo partellus is an oligophagy and feeds on species of grasses and sedges which include several important cultivated cereals, especially maize, sorghum, rice, sugarcane, and millets. An ecological approach to biological control of gramineous. An openaccess publisher of journals covering a wide range of academic disciplines,provides publishing serves the worlds research and scholarly communities. Diagnostic study of planting time on sorghum stalk borer. Fourarm olfactometer bioassays with parasitic wasps, t. Chilo partellus is the only exotic stemborer in africa overholt et al. However, national figure of grain production still remains below than the worlds average grain production per unit area due to different biotic and a biotic factor. The larvae originated from fieldcollected stemborers, principally from sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Various stages are also illustrated and described in a number of publications, including grist and lever 1969, litsinger 1977, kalshoven and laan 1981, and vreden. Pdf behaviour and biology of chilo partellus on maize landraces. Chilo partellus lays eggs in a herringbone pattern usually on the upper surface of the leaf along the midrib fig. Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer in sorghum genotypes, 978683476, the spotted stem borer, chilo partellus is one of the most destructive insect pests of sorghum in east africa. Native and exotic lepidopteran stemborers significantly limit sugarcane production.
Jun 03, 2003 ovipositional responses of chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera. Identification of cisplatin and palladiumii complexes as potent metallo. Liquefying and saccharifying amylases of bacillus sp. Pyralidae, commonly known as spotted stem borer ssb, is an invasive and polyphagous pest that hampers maize production worldwide 1, 2. Comparison of sensory structures present on larval antennae. Nez floridas emerald coast real estate podcast with nathan abbott chillout music radio. Screening of maize inbred lines for resistance to stem borer. Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. The main objectives for this study were to identify and determine genetic diversity in stemborers infesting sugarcane in malawi. Bleszynski 1970 published a thorough revision of all known species of chilo on a world basis and clarified many taxonomic confusions. Prospects for biological control of chilo partellus in grain crops in. Top of page chilo partellus was first described by swinhoe in 1885 and is one of many species of chilo that develop on cereal crops and wild grasses, mostly in the tropics. It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte.
Identification and validation of potential reference gene for. Pdf behaviour and biology of chilo partellus on maize. Integrated management strategy for stalk borer chilo partellus a key pest of maize second global conference on entomology november 812 20 kuching sarawak. The recent change in climate has a high tendency to. Effect of temperature on the phenology of chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera, crambidae.
Pyralidae on maize and wild gramineous plants volume 24 issue 4 h. The stem borers infesting millets that we deal in this book belong to two superfamilies under the order lepidoptera. An assemblage of approximately 20 moth species belonging to the families crambidae, pyralidae and noctuidae constitute the most important cereal pests in many parts of africa. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Distribution of bacillus thuringiensis in punjab soil and their toxicity against chilo partellusv. Behaviour and biology of chilo partellus on maize landraces. S kannaiyan and k kumar abebooks shop for books, art. Babasaheb ambedkar marathawada university aurangabad, maharashtra 431004, india. Pyralidae to hexane extracts of leaves of two maize zea mays l. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page chilo partellus was first described by swinhoe in 1885 and is one of many species of chilo that develop on cereal crops and wild grasses, mostly in the tropics. Lifestage related responses to combined effects of. Chilo partellus has been reported to occur in many central and south asian countries.
Against this background, we used a fullfactorial design to test the combined acclimation effects of rh 45%, 65% and 85% and temperature 23, 28 and 33 c on various indices of thermal sensitivity of laboratory reared spotted stemborer, chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera. International journal of tropical insect science 24. Chilo partellus lays eggs in a herringbone pattern usually on the upper surface. Larvae were reared on a semisynthetic diet containing sorghum leaf powder ochieng et al. Chilo partellus swinhoe was first recorded in south africa in 1958 and became a major pest of maize and grain sorghum. It survives on several grasses including sudan grass sorghum vulgare sudanense, napier grass pennisetum. The biology of maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe was studied under laboratory conditions on. Wang py, zhang z, kong xb, wang hb, zhang sf, gao xr, yuan sr. Report by journal of pure and applied microbiology. Overwintering population of maize stem borer chilo partellus.
The spotted stem borer is native to asia and is a pest of sugarcane, maize, and sorghum. Responses of parasitoids to volatiles induced by chilo. International journal of tropical insect science 11. Sorghum is the first most important cereal crop in west hararghe. Chilo partellus was first described by swinhoe 1885 as crambus partellus. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera. Chilo partellus, the spotted stalk borer, is a moth in the family crambidae. Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in. Pdf biological studies of chilo partellus lepidoptera. The caterpillars of these moths bore into the stems of maize, sorghum, millet and rice, often killing the plant, and are commonly known as stem or stalk borers. Chilo partellus is an important stem borer of corn. Any of various fungi that reproduce only asexually, by means of conidia, or whose sexual stage has not yet been discovered. However, the identity and genetic diversity of stemborers infesting sugarcane in malawi is unknown.
In the second section, the techniques used for resistance screening against c. Ovipositional responses of chilo partellus swinhoe lepidoptera. This volume provides students an introduction to the science of biology. Chilo partellus is a pest of monocots, with the greatest crop losses. It attacks the crop from seedling stage to harvest and damages all plant parts except the roots. Antibiosis as a resistant mechanism to chilo partellus swinhoe lipidoptera. Hattori and siwi 1986 published an account of the morphology, incidence and distribution of c. The spotted stemborer chilo partellus is an oligophagy and feeds on species of grasses. The stem borers infesting millets that we deal in this book belong to two. Chilo partellus, natural diet, biology, life cycle, maize. Pdf chilo partellus is one of the most devastating species of maize.
The economic importance of the stem borer in africa results in their severe damage that affect directly cereal yield factors such as the density of fertile tillers and the number of effective panicles. Among the biotic factors, stalk borer was considered to be the most important insect pests of sorghum and maize in all areas of the country. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Published works program collaborators, researchers, and students regularly publish and present findings on ipm innovation lab work at conferences, in journals and books, in posters, and through extension publications. Ecological and biological management of cereal stemborers. Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in sub. Behaviour and biology of chilo partellus on maize landraces article pdf available in entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1532 october 2014 with 458 reads how we measure reads.
It demonstrates the modern tools and techniques that biologists use today. Thus, an autecologist may study the life history, population dynamics, behaviour, home range and so on, of a single species, such as the mexican freetailed bat, indian bull frog, or maizeborer, chilo partellus. Sn1 and aspergillus oryzae hs3 and their application in hydrolysis of starchy biomass for ethanol productions. Identification and validation of potential reference gene. Buy ecological and biological management of cereal stemborers. Ovipositional responses of chilo partellus swinhoe. Chilo partellus moths were obtained from the insect mass rearing unit at the icipethomas odhiambo campus. A study was carried out to determine the inheritance of resistance to c.
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